Measuring diet details

Researchers enrolled 1,000 people into a study on diet and heart disease at the time they were admitted to the hospital for acute coronary syndrome (symptoms indicating a heart attack or chest pain caused when coronary artery disease prevents sufficient blood supply to the heart). Of the 1,000 participants, 459 had left ventricular systolic dysfunction, which is an indication of more severe heart disease.

The researchers gathered diet and lifestyle information within three days of each person’s hospital admittance. Each person received a diet score based on how closely he or she followed a Mediterranean diet, defined as eating mostly whole grains, fruit and nuts, vegetables, olive oil, nonfat or low-fat dairy products, fish, potatoes, legumes (beans and peas), and moderate alcohol use (approximately 2 drinks per day). The more closely a person followed a Mediterranean diet, the higher his or her dietary score.

Mediterranean fare feeds a healthier heart

People with the highest Mediterranean diet scores had 7% lower likelihood of developing left ventricular systolic dysfunction compared with those with the lowest diet scores. During the two years of follow-up, those with a high Mediterranean diet score were 12% less likely to experience additional heart disease events, such as a heart attack, compared with those with a low Mediterranean diet score.

This study does not prove cause and effect but it does suggest that even with existing heart disease, eating a Mediterranean diet may protect the heart from further damage. Not only are there no known downsides to going Mediterranean, this type of eating pattern also may protect against declining brain function with age (dementia) and some types of cancer.

How to eat Mediterranean style

To keep your ticker in tip-top shape, up the Mediterranean fare.

• Snack on fruit and nuts. Try an apple with nut butter or a handful of walnuts and raisins.
• Opt for olive oil. Cook with olive oil and enjoy homemade olive oil-based dressing on your salads and raw veggies.
• Fish for health. Try fish a few times a week instead of red meat. When you do eat red meat, keep it to no more than 3-ounces at a time, no more than 1-2 times per week.
• Love your legumes. Add more beans, peas, and chickpeas. Snack on humus and raw veggies, sprinkle kidney beans on salads and pasta, and put bean burritos and bean-based chili on your weekly menu plan.
• Do dairy right. Stick to low-fat and no-fat dairy such as low-fat yogurt and skim milk. You can even replace mayo and sour cream with thick, Greek-style plain yogurt.
• Keep grains whole. Try oatmeal for breakfast and quinoa or brown rice for dinner.
• Enjoy alcohol…moderately. Have no more than one drink per day for women and two per day for men. A drink is 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1 ½ ounces of hard liquor.

(Am J Clin Nutr; e-pub ahead of print July 2010)