Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori,³ and reduces gastric inflammation related to this organism, according to animal studies.^4,5 In a double-blind trial of people with functional dyspepsia, those who were infected with H. pylori had reduced symptoms of acid reflux when they took 40 mg per day of astaxanthin, but a lower amount of 16 mg per day was not helpful, and neither amount of astaxanthin improved other symptoms of dyspepsia. In subjects who were not infected with Helicobacter pylori, neither amount of astaxanthin was effective.⁶

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori,⁷ and reduces gastric inflammation related to this organism, according to animal studies.^8,9 In a double-blind trial of people with functional dyspepsia, those who were infected with H. pylori had reduced symptoms of acid reflux when they took 40 mg per day of astaxanthin, but a lower amount of 16 mg per day was not helpful, and neither amount of astaxanthin improved other symptoms of dyspepsia. In subjects who were not infected with Helicobacter pylori, neither amount of astaxanthin was effective.¹⁰

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that has antioxidant and other properties that might support proper regulation of blood lipids.^11,12 One double-blind trial in normal weight people with high blood triglycerides found astaxanthin, taken in amounts of either 12 mg or 18 mg per day, lowered blood triglycerides.¹³ However, in another double-blind trial in overweight people with normal triglycerides, 20 mg per day of astaxanthin had no significant effect on blood triglycerides.¹⁴

Astaxanthin is a red carotenoid pigment found in microalgae as well as some seafood such as salmon, shrimp, and trout.¹⁵ Astaxanthin is an antioxidant and has demonstrated an ability to improve cholesterol metabolism and protect vascular health.^16,17,15 One randomized controlled trial in 61 people with high blood triglycerides found 6 mg and 12 mg of astaxanthin daily for 12 weeks increased HDL-cholesterol levels, but 18 mg per day did not.¹⁹ In another placebo-controlled trial that included 27 overweight participants, LDL-cholesterol levels decreased in those who received 20 mg of astaxanthin per day for 12 weeks, while no change was seen in those who received placebo, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (possibly due to the small size of the trial).²⁰ However, a meta-analysis that pooled findings from seven randomized controlled trials found astaxanthin had no beneficial effect on lipid profiles.²¹

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family with strong antioxidant properties that might protect against the oxidative stress of exercise.²¹ Animal studies also suggest a potential effect of astaxanthin on energy metabolism.^22,23 In a double-blind trial, elite soccer players who took 4 mg per day of astaxanthin for three months had lower blood measures of muscle damage and oxidative stress after a two-hour training session.²⁴ However, in another double-blind trial in weight-training men, 4 mg astaxanthin per day for three weeks did not reduce either muscle soreness, muscle weakness, or blood measures of muscle damage following a bout of intense weight-lifting.²⁵ A double-blind trial of endurance athletes found that 4 mg per day astaxanthin for four weeks shortened the time required to complete a distance cycling trial.²⁶ However, in another double-blind trial, endurance performance was not improved by taking 20 mg astaxanthin per day for four weeks.²⁷

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that has antioxidant and other properties that might support normal sperm function.²⁸ In a double-blind trial,^[REF] infertile men were given 16 mg per day of astaxanthin for three months. While measures of sperm function did not significantly improve, more pregnancies occurred in the group taking astaxanthin compared to the placebo group.

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that has antioxidant and other properties that might support skin health.^29,30 In a controlled trial in women, 4 mg astaxanthin per day reduced fine lines and wrinkles and improved skin elasticity, but did not significantly affect skin moisture.³¹ In a double-blind trial in men, 6 mg astaxanthin per day improved skin elasticity, as well as two out of six measures of wrinkle severity and one out of three measures of skin moisture, but did not affect skin oil production.³⁰

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family with strong antioxidant properties that might protect the brain from age-related oxidative damage.³² In a preliminary study, 12 mg per day of astaxanthin given to people with complaints of age-related forgetfulness for twelve weeks improved some measures of brain function,³³ but a double-blind trial using similar amounts found no significant effects of astaxanthin on cognitive impairment compared to a placebo.³⁴

Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family with strong antioxidant properties that might protect the brain from age-related oxidative damage.³⁵ In a preliminary study, 12 mg per day of astaxanthin given to people with complaints of age-related forgetfulness for twelve weeks improved some measures of brain function,³⁶ but a double-blind trial using similar amounts found no significant effects of astaxanthin on cognitive impairment compared to a placebo.³⁷